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Synopsis

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, while dedicating the successful implementation of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam to the nation, emphasized that replacing the outdated legal frameworks with modern, citizen-centric laws marked a watershed moment in India's history.

He described the new codes as “laws of the people, by the people, for the people,” asserting that they reflect the democratic ideals enshrined in the Constitution.

PM Modi noted that these changes are part of a broader effort to eliminate the remnants of colonial subjugation, a commitment he had articulated in his 2023 Independence Day address.

"When India gained independence in 1947 after centuries of subjugation, there was immense enthusiasm and hope. People dreamt of liberation not only from British rule but also from colonial laws that symbolized exploitation and oppression. However, despite minor amendments, the essence of these laws remained the same, rooted in a mindset that treated citizens as subjects," he pointed out. 

He asserted that the new criminal laws aim to change this psychology, instilling confidence in the equality guaranteed by the law, thus ensuring true social justice.

Highlighting specific provisions, Modi underlined the emphasis on speedy justice. Heinous crimes like rape must now have charges framed within 60 days of the first hearing, and verdicts must be delivered within 45 days, with adjournments capped at two. He lauded the new mechanism of zero FIRs, which allows complaints to be filed from anywhere in the country, and mandates that victims receive updates on case progress within 90 days via digital communication. “The guiding mantra of these reforms is ‘citizen first,’” PM Modi declared.

The Prime Minister also shed light on the codes’ humanistic aspects. Arrests for minor offences with imprisonment of less than three years now require higher authority approval, aiming to prevent misuse of power. Additionally, provisions like community service for petty crimes and mandatory bail for minor offenses signify a shift toward reformative justice. “Justice must not only punish but also offer opportunities for reform,” he asserted.

PM Modi cited the use of digital technology as a cornerstone of the reforms, mentioning tools like Nyaya Srishti and Nyaya Setu for efficient case management. Videography of evidence collection and the acceptance of digital evidence as valid proof have been made mandatory, ensuring transparency and reducing loopholes in cases, including those related to terrorism, he highlighted.

PM Modi also highlighted real-life examples of the reforms’ effectiveness. A vehicle theft case in Chandigarh was resolved in just over two months, and a murder case in Bihar’s Chhapra district was concluded within 14 days. These outcomes, he said, demonstrate how the new codes ensure timely justice and build public confidence in the legal system.

Concluding his address at a programme at Chandigarh on December 3, 3024, Prime Minister Modi urged state governments, police forces, and judiciary members to embrace the new framework and work collectively for its success. He called for widespread public awareness to ensure citizens understand their rights under these laws. “This is not just about laws; it’s about redefining justice for a stronger, more confident India,” he said, marking the new codes as a cornerstone of India’s journey toward inclusivity, equality, and democracy.