Supreme Court Weekly Round Up [October 16-21, 2023]

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  1. [Same Sex Marriage] In a landmark verdict, the Supreme Court of India has refused to provide legal recognition to same sex marriages. Court has further held that no fundamental right to marry can be found under the Indian Constitution. A five judge Constitution bench led by Chief Justice of India has left it on the Union to constitute an High Powered Committee headed by the Cabinet Secretary for this purpose to look into the aspects of queer relationships. Notably, the bench has recognized transgender marriages to be recognized under the laws prevailing in the country. On the aspect of Special Marriage Act and the challenge to its provisions, it has been held that they cannot be held to be unconstitutional and the court cannot read words into its provisions as well.
    Bench: Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud, Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul, S Ravindra Bhat, PS Narasimha and Hima Kohli
    Case Title: Supriyo@ Supriya Chakraborthy vs. Union of India & Anr. (a batch of petitions)
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    ALSO READ: No Adoption Rights For Queer Couples: Supreme Court's Majority View In Same Sex Marriage Judgment
    Same-Sex Marriage| Supreme Court 'Carefully Decides' Not To Enter 'Domain Of Legislature'

     
  2. [Maharashtra Disqualification petitions] The Supreme Court has given a 'last chance' to the Maharashtra Speaker to come up with a schedule to hear the disqualification petitions pending before him. Court was visibly irked with the Speaker giving interviews saying that court is a co-equal branch of the government and not doing his job. Solicitor General Tushar Mehta sought some time to come up with a time schedule to hear the petitions and asked the bench to adjourn the matter to October 28. Hearing this the bench said, "He is amenable to the jurisdiction of this court. We are not controlling what is happening on the floor of the house, but while hearing a disqualification proceeding...he is a tribunal, he is amenable to the court's jurisdiction."
    Bench: CJI DY Chandrachud, Justice JB Pardiwala, and Justice Manoj Misra
    Case Title: Jayant Patil vs. Speaker, Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
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  3. [Same sex marriage judgment] While denying legal recognition to same sex marriage, the Supreme Court on Tuesday, October 17, held that it could not either strike down the constitutional validity of Special Marriage Act (SMA) or read words into the SMA because of its institutional limitations. CJI Chandrachud in his 247-page judgment noted that gender queerness, transgenderism, homosexuality, and queer sexual orientations are natural, age-old phenomena which have historically been present in India and have not been ‘imported’ from the ‘west.’ He added that homosexuality or queerness is not solely an urban concept, nor is it restricted to the upper classes or privileged communities.
    Bench: Chief Justice of India DY Chandrachud, Justices Sanjay Kishan Kaul, S Ravindra Bhat, PS Narasimha and Hima Kohli
    Case Title: Supriyo@ Supriya Chakraborthy vs. Union of India & Anr. (a batch of petitions)
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  4. [PMLA review] The Supreme Court refused to postpone the review hearing in the pleas challenging the judgment of Vijay Madanlal Chaudhary and Ors. vs. Union of India and Ors. wherein the constitutional validity of various provisions of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. were upheld. Solicitor General Tushar Mehta informed the court that the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) evaluation was commencing from November 4, and court questioning the legislation at this stage would have a serious implication on the national interest. The bench then appointed nodal counsels in the matter and said, "List on November 22. No other matter to be listed on that day."
    Bench: Justice SK Kaul, Justice Sanjiv Khanna and Justice Bela M Trivedi
    Case Title: Karti P. Chidambaram Vs. The Directorate Of Enforcement
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  5. [NCLAT] The Supreme Court issued contempt notices to two members of the National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT), New Delhi for defying its orders of status quo and pronouncing its judgment in a case pertaining to Finolex Cables.Court was further informed that the Ministry had found that there was an issue with the disability pension matters at the Chandigarh bench. Judicial Member Justice Rakesh Kumar and Technical Member Dr Alok Srivastava have been directed to show cause and be personally present before Court on October 30, 2023.
    Bench: CJI DY Chandrachud, Justices JB Pardiwala and Manoj Misra
    Case Title: Orbit Electricals Private Limited vs. Deepak Kishan Chhabaria
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  6. [NewsClick] A division bench of the Supreme Court has issued notice in the plea by NewsClick founder Prabir Purkayastha and HR department head Amit Chakraborty challenging the Delhi High Court's recent dismissal of their plea againts arrests made in a UAPA case. Justices BR Gavai and Prashant Kumar Mishra has issued notice returnable on October 30, 2023. Senior Advocate Kapil Sibal appeared for Purkayastha and Chakraborty was represented by Senior Advocate Devadatt Kamat. A single judge bench of Justice Tushar Rao Gedela of the Delhi High Court on Friday, October 13, had "dismissed" the pleas filed challenging the arrest of Purkayastha and Chakraborty. It is to be noted that Purkayastha and Chakraborty are currently in Judicial Custody. Additional Sessions Judge (ASJ) Hardeep Kaur of Patiala House Court on October 10 remanded the two to judicial custody for ten days.
    Bench: Justices BR Gavai and Prashant Kumar Mishra
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    ALSO READ: NewsClick Founder, HR Head Approach Supreme Court Challenging High Court's Dismissal Of Their Pleas Against Arrest

  7. [Hindu Endowment Act] The Supreme Court on Wednesday, October 18, dismissed a plea filed by Advocate Ashwini Upadhyay which challenged certain provisions of The Hindu Endowments Acts' across India on the ground that they pervade right to equality as all other religions have no such regulation. Upadhyay sought direction(s)/order(s)/declaration that Hindus, Jains, Sikhs and Buddhists "have similar rights to establish, manage and maintain their religious places like Muslims, Parsis, Christians" and that "those belonging to these religions have similar rights to own, acquire, administer movable, immovable properties of their religious places like Muslims, Christians and that the State cannot abridge these rights." CJI DY Chandrachud led bench opined that the prayers were very broad in nature. "File a proper petition, what are these prayers..all this is already covered under Article 14", the bench also comprising Justices Pardiwala and Manoj Misra said. Raising questions about equal treatment of temples, gurudwaras at par with mosques, churches etc, Upadhyay's plea asked whether a secular state can make laws to abridge rights of Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, Sikhs guaranteed under Article 26 of Constitution of India, whether the Religious and Chaitable Endowments laws enacted under Article 26 must be in conformity with Articles 14,15, and whether state laws which discriminate against temples, gurudwaras, mosques and churces are contrary to Articles 14, 15 and 26.
    Bench: CJI DY Chandrachud, Justices JB Pardiwala and Manoj Misra
    Case Title: Ashwini Kumar Upadhyay vs. UOI & Ors
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  8. [BV Srinivas] The Supreme Court on Friday, October 20, made its earlier order allowing anticipatory bail to Indian Youth Congress President, BV Srinivas, in a sexual harassment case, absolute. Court was told that Srinivas was cooperating with the investigation. The Court in May 2023 had originally granted anticipatory bail to Srinivas, in the present case. While allowing anticipatory bail, it had said that the delay in lodging of FIR and no whisper of allegations in the statement under Section 164, CrPC by the complainant would benefit the petitioner in terms of seeking relief through the given application.
    Bench: Justices BR Gavai, Aravind Kumar, and PK Mishra
    Case Title: BV Srinivas vs. State of Assam
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  9. [PFI Ban] Popular Front of India (PFI) has approached the Supreme Court of India challenging the Central Government’s decision to impose a 5-year ban on it and its eight affiliated fronts. An SLP has been filed challenging the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) Tribunal presided by Justice Dinesh Kumar Sharma order from March this year which "upheld" the Central Government’s decision. Notably on September 28, 2022, the Central Government, in the exercise of the powers conferred by Sub-section (1) of Section 3 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 declared the Popular Front of India (PFI) and the other eight alleged affiliated fronts as ‘unlawful associations’.
    Bench: Justice Aniruddha Bose and Bela M Trivedi
    Case Title: Popular Front of India vs. Union of India
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  10. [PIL] Supreme Court dismissed a plea seeking quashing of the order passed by Speaker of Lok Sabha on March 29, 2023 through which the lost membership of Mohammad Faizal Khan, the member of Lok Sabha from Lakshadweep, was restored. A three-judge bench came down heavily on the petitioner, a Lucknow based lawyer Ashok Pandey. You should not be filing frivolous PILs being a lawyer yourself, the bench said while imposing costs of INR 1 lakh.
    Bench: Justices BR Gavai, Aravind Kumar, and Prashant Kumar Mishra
    Case Title: Ashok Pandey vs. The Speaker of Lok Sabha and Ors.
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  11. [POSH Act] Supreme Court on Thursday, October 19, directed all States and Union Territories' Women and Child Department to ensure officers' are appointed in each district under the anti-sexual harassment law within a period of four weeks. “The concerned Principal Secretary of the State/UT Ministry of Women and Child will personally ensure appointment of a district officer in each district within their territorial jurisdiction, as contemplated under Section 5 within four weeks from the date of this judgment," a division bench has ordered.
    Bench: Justices S Ravindra Bhat and Dipankar Datta
    Case Title: INITIATIVES FOR INCLUSION FOUNDATION & ANR. Vs. UNION OF INDIA & ORS
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  12. [Fibernet Scam] The Supreme Court directed the State of Andhra Pradesh not to arrest former Chief Minister, Chandrababu Naidu, in the case registered against him in the Fibernet scam case. Naidu moved the Supreme Court after his anticipatory bail plea was dismissed by the High Court on October 9, 2023. A division bench while adjourning the former CM's plea ordered that he will not be arrested till November 9. Senior Advocate Sidharth Luthra, appearing for Naidu had told court that after his client's initial arrest in the skill development scam case, state was going after him in one case after the other.
    Bench: Justices Aniruddha Bose and Bela M Trivedi
    Case Title: NARA CHANDRABABU NAIDU vs. THE STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH & ANR.
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  13. [Pendency of cases] The Supreme Court has recently emphasised on streamlining procedures, bolstering infrastructure, investing in technology, and empowering judiciary to meet the demands of the time to address the issue of delay in deciding cases. Court has called upon all stakeholders—the legal fraternity, the legislature, the executive, and the citizens themselves—to join hands in a concerted effort to untangle the web of delay and pendency. 
    Bench: Justices S Ravindra Bhat and Aravind Kumar
    Case Title: Yashpal Jain vs. Sushila Devi & Others
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  14. [Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023] A three-judge bench of the Supreme Court on Friday, October 20, issued notice to the Centre on a plea challenging the constitutional validity of recent amendments made to the Forest (Conservation) Act. It is the petitioners case that the 2023 Amendment Act “will radically undermine India’s decade-old forest governance regime”. “Each diversion of land, without any cumulative ceiling being prescribed across the country, will pockmark our forests with cancerously growing deforested ‘islands’ and fragment them, causing enormous ecological loss...", the plea states.
    Bench: Justices BR Gavai, Aravind Kumar, and Prashant Kumar Mishra
    Case Title: Ashok Kumar Sharma, IFS (Retd) & Ors. vs. Union of India & Ors
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  15. [Manual Scavenging] The Supreme Court has directed Union of India to take appropriate measures and frame policies, and issue directions, to all statutory bodies, including corporations, railways, cantonments, as well as agencies under its control, to ensure that manual sewer cleaning is completely eradicated in a phased manner. Union and the States are duty bound to ensure that the practice of manual scavenging is completely eradicated, a division bench has said. Court has also increased the compensation for sewer deaths (the previous amount fixed, i.e., 10 lakhs) to an amount of Rs. 30 lakhs. 
    Bench: Justices S Ravindra Bhat and Aravind Kumar
    Case Title: DR. BALRAM SINGH vs. UNION OF INDIA & ORS
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  16. [Ban on paper cups] The Supreme Court on Friday upheld the Madras High Court decision whereby a challenge to a government order banning manufacture, storage, supply, transport, sale, distribution, and use of ‘one time use and throwaway plastics’, was dismissed. A division bench while upholding the ban of reinforced paper cups, has directed the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board to consider the case of non-woven bags afresh, in light of the amended rules.
    Bench: Justices S Ravindra Bhat and PS Narasimha
    Case Title: TAMIL NADU AND PUDUCHERRY PAPER CUP MANUFACTURES ASSOCIATION vs. STATE OF TAMIL NADU & ORS
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  17. [Doctor Singh] The Supreme Court has directed the Uttar Pradesh government to consider permanent remission of former Uttar Pradesh MLA Uday Bhan Singh alias Doctor Singh, who was sentenced to life term in the 1999 triple murder case. "The case of the petitioner for grant of permanent remission must be considered by the state government in accordance with the applicable policy. We, accordingly, grant time of two months to the state government to consider the case of the petitioner for grant of permanent remission. The order passed by the Competent Authority shall be placed on record within a period of two months from today," the bench further ordered.
    Bench: Justices Abhay S Oka and Pankaj Mithal
    Case Title: UDAY BHAN SINGH @ DOCTOR SINGH vs. THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH and Ors.
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  18. [Raghav Chaddha suspension] Supreme Court has issued notice in a plea by Aam Aadmi Party leader and Member of Parliament of Rajya Sabha from Punjab, Raghav Chadha, challenging the 'arbitrary action' of suspending him beyond a session of the Rajya Sabha, without any authority of law. "Notice issued to first respondent returnable on October 30, 2023. We request the Attorney General for India to assist the court.", ordered the bench.
    Bench: CJI Chandrachud with Justices JB Pardiwala and Manoj Misra
    Case Title: Raghav Chadha vs. Rajya Sabha Secretariat & Ors
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  19. [Women's Reservation Bill] A writ petition has been filed before Supreme Court of India seeking immediate implementation of the 33% Women Reservation, introduced by way of The Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty Eighth Amendment) Bil 2023 (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam) in its true letter and spirit before Parliamentary General! Election 2024. The writ petition filed by Congress leader Dr. Jaya Thakur seeks implementation of the reservation without the rider of "after the delimitation is undertaken for this purposes after the relevant figures for the first census".
    Case Title: Dr. Jaya thakur vs. Union of India
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  20. [Abortion Rights] Supreme Court refused to allow termination of a more than 26-week pregnancy after noting that no fetal abnormalities or threat to life of mother had been found in the most recent medical examination conducted by AIIMS. The pregnant woman sought termination of her pregnancy on the grounds of suffering from post partum psychosis."The choice of abortion is gone now. The only options left are now preterm and full term delivery. Termination after 24 weeks has to be done is rarest of rare case", ASG Aishwarya Bhati had told the bench.
    Bench: CJI Chandrachud with Justices JB Pardiwala and Manoj Misra
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  21. [Delhi Liquor Policy Scam] Enforcement Directorate has made a big revelation before the Supreme Court of India relating to the Delhi Liquor Policy scam, wherein Additional Solicitor General SV Raju informed the court today that the agency is contemplating of making Aam Aadmi Party an accused in the scam. "Will it be a separate or the same offence in the ED case? Answer it tomorrow. In the corruption case, it will certainly be a separate charge. Will it also be a separate charge in CBI matter?" Justice Khanna asked while hearing the bail plea filed by AAP leader Manish Sisodia.
    Bench: Justices Sanjiv Khanna and SVN Bhatti
    Case Title: Manish Sisodia vs. Enforcement Directorate
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  22. [Electoral Bonds Scheme] CJI DY Chandrachud informed that the challenge to the 2018 Electoral Bonds Scheme has been referred to a Constitution Bench of atleast five judges. "In view of importance of the issues raised, and with regard to Article 145(4) of the Constitution of India, the matter be placed before a bench of at least five judges. The matter will be retained on October 30, 2023," the CJI said. Electoral bonds were introduced through Finance Act 2017, which amended three other statutes - the RBI Act, the Income Tax Act and the Representation of People Act for enabling introduction of such bonds.
    Bench: CJI Chandrachud with Justices JB Pardiwala and Manoj Misra
    Case Title: Association for Democratic Reforms vs Union of India and ors
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